Ukuqothulwa okune-asidi kuyindlela ebalulekile esetshenziswa ekukhipheni ithusi emagubeni ethusi, atholakala kakhulu emvelweni. Le nqubo isebenzisa izixazululo ze-asidi ukuncibilikisa ama-ion ethusi kusuka kugubhe, okwenza kube lula ukutholwa kwawo nokusetshenziswa kwawo embonini. Phakathi kwama-asidi ahlukahlukene, i-hydrochloric acid ibonise ukusebenza kahle kakhulu ngenxa yesimo sayo esinamandla se-asidi kanye nekhono lokuthuthukisa ukuncibilika. Lesi sihloko sihlinzeka ngokuhlola okuningiliziwe kokuqothulwa okune-asidi, sigxile endleleni, okutholakele okubalulekile kokuhlola, kanye nokwenza kahle kwezinto ezifana nokugxila kwe-asidi, izinga lokushisa, kanye nesivinini sokugxambukela. Ucwaningo luphinde luhlolisise ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokuxazulula ezilawulayo ukugcina amazinga e-pH afanele ngesikhathi sokuqothulwa, kuqinisekiswe ukutholwa okukhulu kwethusi. Le mibono inikeza ulwazi olubalulekile ezimbonini ezihlose ukwamukela izindlela zokukhipha izinsimbi ezihambisana nemvelo futhi eziphumelelayo.

Ithusi lidlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezimboni, okubandakanya izintambo zikagesi, amapayipi, nobuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo, okwenza ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwalo kahle kube kubalulekile. Izindlela zokukhiqiza zakudala zivame ukubeka izinselele zemvelo ngenxa yenkunkuma eyingozi nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ukukhipha ngama-acid, ikakhulukazi ukusebenzisa izixazululo zamanzi ezinama-acid, kunikeza enye indlela eqhubekayo ngokuvumela ukubuyiswa kwethusi ngezindleko zamandla eziphansi nangomthelela omncane emvelweni. Ukukhetha isixazululo se-acid, njenge-sulfuric acid (H2SO4) noma i-hydrochloric acid, kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwenqubo. Ukuqonda ukuthi ama-acid axhumana kanjani namatshe ethusi okwe-oxide kuvumela izinqubo zokuncibilika ezilungiselelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezixazululo eziyisisekelo nama-agent okubopha kungalawula i-acidity, kuvimbele ukugqwala okweqile kwemishini futhi kunciphise imiphumela emibi yemvelo. Lesi sihloko sihlola lezi zici ngokujulile ukuze kugqanyiswe izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokukhipha i-oxide yethusi.

Indlela yokuhlola ukukhipha i-copper oxide ihlanganisa ukulungiswa kwezixazululo ze-acid ezingenayo i-catalyst ezinezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene ze-hydrochloric acid. Izibonelo ze-copper oxide zigoqwa kahle ukuze kwandiswe indawo engaphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukuxhumana nesixazululo se-acid. Izimo zokuhlola njengokushisa nesivinini sokugxambukela ziyahlukahluka ngendlela ehlelekile ukuze kulinganiswe umthelela wazo ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhipha. Izilawuli zokushisa ziqinisekisa ukuthi izenzo zenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zokushisa, kanti isivinini sokugxambukela sikhuthaza ukuxubana okufanayo futhi sivimbele ukwakheka kwezendlalelo ze-acid ezimile ezungeze izinhlayiya zamatshe. Izindlela zokulinganisa zihlanganisa ukuthatha izibonelo zesixazululo ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kuhlaziywe ukugxila kwama-ion e-copper kusetshenziswa i-atomic absorption spectroscopy. Izixazululo zokubhafa nazo zisetshenziswa kwezinye izivivinyo ukuze kugcinwe i-pH ezinzile, kulingisa izimo zezimboni lapho kungase kwenzeke khona ukungathathi hlangothi kwe-acid. Lezi zindlela zivumela ukuqonda okuphelele kwezinto ezithinta ukuncibilika kanye nezingqinamba ezithinta ukutholwa kwe-copper.

Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi izinga le-hydrochloric acid lithinta kakhulu isivinini sokuncibilika kwe-copper oxide. Ukwanda kwezinga le-acid kwandisa ukutholakala kwama-hydrogen ions, okusheshisa ukukhipha i-copper. Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kwezinga elihle kakhulu, ukuthuthuka kuyayeka ngenxa yemiphumela yokugcwala kanye nokwenzeka kokuvikela ubuso be-copper. Ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa nakho kuthuthukisa isivinini sokuphendula ngokunikeza amandla okuvuselela adingekayo ukuze kuphuke izibopho ku-copper oxide. Isivinini sokugxambukela sinomthelela ngokuthuthukisa ukudluliswa kwesisindo, ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwemikhiqizo yomjikelezo yokuphendula evimbela ukukhipha. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukwengezwa kwesisombululo sokubopha kungagcina kahle i-pH efanelekile, kuvimbele ukudliwa kwe-acid futhi kugcine amazinga okuncibilika isikhathi eside. Le mibono ye-kinetic ibalulekile ekwakheni izinqubo zezimboni ezilinganisa ukusebenza kahle nezindleko kanye nezingqikithi zemvelo.

Lolu cwaningo luqinisekisa i-hydrochloric acid njengesixazululo esisebenzayo se-acid sokukhipha i-copper oxide, lapho ukulawulwa kwe-acid concentration, izinga lokushisa, kanye nesivinini sokugxambukela kuthuthukisa ukutholwa kwe-copper. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezixazululo ze-buffering kunikeza inzuzo yamasu ekuzinziseni i-pH nokuthuthukisa ukuhamba kokuncibilika, okwenza inqubo yokukhipha ibe esimeme futhi isebenze kahle kakhudlwana. Ezimbonini ezisebenzisa ukukhipha amaminerali, ukwamukela lezi zindlela ezithuthukisiwe ze-acid leaching kunganciphisa umthelela ombi kwezemvelo kanye nezindleko zokusebenza. Izinkampani ezifana neDermax, ezaziwa ngobuchule bazo ekucubunguleni amakhemikhali nezinto, zingasebenzisa le mibiko ukuthuthukisa imisebenzi yazo yokukhipha i-copper futhi zisekele ukukhula kwezimboni okusimeme. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe ngezixazululo ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe benkampani, vakashela ku-Mayelana Nathi ikhasi.

Izinkomba eziyinhloko ezisekelayo lesi sihloko zihlanganisa imisebenzi eyisisekelo nge-acidic leaching kinetics, ukuhlolwa komthelela wezemvelo wokusebenzisa i-acid ekubuyiseni amaminerali, kanye nentuthuko yakamuva kubuchwepheshe bokubhafa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-leaching. Lezi zinto ziqinisekisa ukuthi imiphumela yesihloko isekelwe ocwaningweni oluqinisekisiwe lwesayensi kanye nezicelo zezimboni ezingokoqobo.

Ukufinyelela emibhalweni egcwele yezifundo kanye nemininingwane enemininingwane yombhali kungatholakala ngamabhange eminingi emikhakheni yesayensi kanye nezinqolobane zezikhungo. Ukuze uthole izinsiza ezengeziwe mayelana nezindlela eziphambili zokucubungula amakhemikhali kanye nemikhiqizo ehlobene, hlola i-Imikhiqizo isigaba. Ukuze uthole ukwesekwa kanye nemibuzo, i-Ukusekelaikhasi linikeza izinketho zokuxhumana eziqondile.