I-acetic acid ye-glacial yifomu egxilile ye-acetic acid, ngokuvamile eyenziwe ngo-99-100% ubuhlanzekile. Kuyinto ewuketshezi olungaboni, olonakalisayo kakhulu olunukayo olufana noviniga. Naphezu kokusetshenziswa kwayo okuvamile ezimbonini, ezindaweni zokusebenzela izindlu zokuhlola, kanye nasezindaweni ezithile zezokwelapha, i-glacial acetic acid ibeka izingozi ezinkulu empilweni nokuphepha ngenxa yesimo sayo esilimazayo. Ukuchayeka ku-glacial acetic acid kungadala izilonda ezimbi zamakhemikhali, izinkinga zokuphefumula, kanye nomonakalo emehlweni. Igama elithi "glacial" libhekisa ekubeni namandla okuqina ngaphansi nje kwezinga lokushisa lokuhlala, elifana namakristalu eqhwa. Leli khhemikhali kufanele liphathwe ngokucophelela okukhulu, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwalo kudinga ukuthobela ngokuqinile izimiso zokuphepha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulimala okungazelelwe. Ukuqonda lezi zingozi kubalulekile ezikhungweni kanye nochwepheshe abasebenza noma abaseduze nezixazululo zamakhemikhali.

Ngokungafani nezixazululo ze-acetic acid ezixutshiwe, ezingenawo amandla amakhulu futhi ziphephile ukuphatha, i-glacial acetic acid idinga ulwazi olukhethekile nemishini yokuzivikela efanele. Izingozi ezihambisana nokuchitheka ngephutha, ukungeniswa umoya, noma ukuthintana nesikhumba zigcizelela isidingo samasu aphelele okuphatha izingozi. Lesi sihloko sihluza umehluko phakathi kwezimo ze-glacial nezixutshiwe, sihlole izici zokulawula, sibuyekeze imibiko yakamuva yokulimala, futhi sinikeze izincomo ezingasebenza ukuze kube nemikhuba ephephile.

I-Glacial acetic acid ivame ukusetshenziswa ezixazululweni zokubhafa kanye njengesibuyekezo ezinqubweni ezahlukahlukene zamakhemikhali. Idlala indima ebalulekile ocwaningweni nasembonini kodwa kufanele iphathwe ngokucabangela izakhiwo zayo zokungathathi hlangothi izixazululo eziyisisekelo kanye namandla ayo okubangela umonakalo omkhulu lapho kusetshenziswa kabi. Ukuqwashisa okufanele nokuqonda ngalesi sixazululo se-acid kubalulekile ekugcineni ukuphepha endaweni yokusebenza nasekuvikeleni abasebenzi neziguli ezindaweni zezokwelapha.

I-Dermax, umholi kwezobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha, igcizelela ukubaluleka kokuphepha kwamakhemikhali ezindaweni zezempilo. Ukuzibophezela kwabo ekuqambeni izinto ezintsha nasekuphepheni kuhambisana nesidingo sokubhekana nezingozi ezihambisana nezinto ezifana ne-glacial acetic acid. Ukuhlanganisa izinyathelo zokuphepha zesimanje nezinqubo zokuqeqesha kubalulekile kunoma iyiphi inhlangano efuna ukunciphisa ingozi.

Ngaphambi kokuhlola lezi zindaba ngokujulile, kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko wamakhemikhali phakathi kwe-glacial acetic acid ne-diluted acetic acid nokuthi kungani leyo yangaphambili ibonisa izingozi ezinkulu.

Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwe-glacial acetic acid ne-diluted acetic acid usesezindaweni zayo zokugxilisa. I-glacial acetic acid iqukethe i-acetic acid ecishe ibe yimpuru, cishe u-99-100%, kanti izixazululo ezidliwayo ngokuvamile zisukela ku-5% kuya ku-20% i-acetic acid emanzini. Lo mehluko wokugxilisa uthinta kakhulu amandla okubola kwamakhemikhali, ukubaleka kwawo, nezidingo zokuphatha.

Ubuthakathaka obubangelwa yi-glacial acetic acid bungadala izilonda ezisheshayo nezinzima esikhunjeni nasezindaweni ezimanzi. Ngokuphambene, izixazululo ezincishisiwe ze-acetic acid azibuthakathaka kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile ziphephile ukusetshenziswa njalo, njengasezintweni zokuhlanza indlu noma imithi yokubulala amagciwane. Ukuphatha i-glacial acetic acid kudinga izinto zokuzivikela ezikhethekile (PPE), okubandakanya amagilavu ​​angamelana ne-acid, izibuko, nezikrini zobuso, kanye nezindawo ezinomoya omuhle ukuze kuvinjelwe ubungozi bokuphefumula.

Ngokombono wamakhemikhali, amandla e-glacial acetic acid okusebenza njenge-acid enamandla ayenza isabele nezinto eziningi, okubandakanya amatshe, izinto eziphilayo, nezixazululo eziyisisekelo njenge-sodium hydroxide noma i-hydrochloric acid (HCl). Lokhu kusabela kudinga ukugcinwa ngokucophelela ezitsheni ezihambisanayo nokubhalwa okucacile ukugwema ukusabela okuyingozi kwamakhemikhali. I-acetic acid ehlanjululwe, yize isey-acid, ibeka izingozi ezincane zokusabela futhi kulula ukuyiphatha ezindaweni ezijwayelekile zase-laboratory noma ezokwelapha.

Ukuqonda lelihlobo lokwehluka kubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezihlose ukusebenzisa izimiso zokugcina nokusebenzisa ngokuphepha. Ukusebenzisa i-acetic acid ehlanjululwe esikhundleni se-glacial acetic acid lapho kungenzeka khona kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yengozi nokulimala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwezixazululo zokubhafa kungasiza ekunciphiseni ububomvu kwezinye izicelo, kunikeze indlela ephephile yokubhekana nama-acid agxilile.

Ukubeka ukuphepha kuqala kusho ukuqonda ukuthi i-glacial acetic acid iyadingeka nini futhi nini lapho kunezindlela eziphephile ezikhona, okusekelwa ukuqeqeshwa okuphelele kwabasebenzi namasu okuphatha izingozi.

Ngokungafani nezinto eziningi zemithi, i-glacial acetic acid ayilawulwa ngokukhethekile yi-U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ukuze iphephe ekusetshenzisweni kwezokwelapha noma kwezokudla. Ukuntuleka kokulawulwa okuqondile yi-FDA kusho ukuthi abakhiqizi, abasabalalisi, nabasetshenzisi bokugcina kufanele bathembele kakhulu emazingeni embonini, imihlahlandlela yokuphepha emsebenzini, nezenzo ezinhle kakhulu kunokuba babheke ukubhekwa kukahulumeni.

Ukuntuleka kwemithetho ekhethekile ye-FDA ye-glacial acetic acid kudala izikhala ezingaba khona ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha. Izindawo ezisebenzisa noma zithenga lesi sixazululo se-acid kufanele zithathe isibopho sokuqala izimiso zazo zokuphepha futhi ziqinisekise ukuthobela imithetho ebanzi yezinto eziyingozi, njengaleyo eqiniswa yi-OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration). Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukulebula okufanele, ukugcina, ukuphatha, nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi.

Ezikhungweni zezokwelapha namakhemisi, lesi sikhala somthetho sidinga ukuba kuqashwe kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwemihlahlandlela ye-FDA eyenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwe-glacial acetic acid, izikhungo kumele zithuthukise izinqubomgomo zangaphakathi ukunciphisa ubungozi. Le ndlela ihlanganisa ukuhlola ubungozi nezinqubo zokuqapha ezihambisana namazinga ajwayelekile okuphepha kwamakhemikhali kodwa ehlula izinqubo ezijwayelekile zokuphepha kwemithi.

I-Dermax ixhasa amasiko okuphepha angaphambili angathembi kuphela emthethweni wangaphandle kodwa esikhundleni salokho ihlanganisa izinhlelo eziphelele zokuphatha ubungozi. Lezi zinhlelo zihlanganisa izindlela zokuthenga eziphephile, ukusabalalisa okulawulwayo, kanye nemfundo eqhubekayo—izinyathelo ezibalulekile uma kucatshangelwa isimo somthetho esizungeze izixazululo zamagciwane njenge-glacial acetic acid.

Ekugcineni, imvelo yomthetho igcizelela isidingo sokuba nezibopho zenhlangano nokusebenzisa izindlela ezinhle kakhulu ukuvikela iziguli, abasebenzi, nezikhungo kumalungelo ahlobene namagciwane.

Imibiko yakamuva igqamise izimo ezethusayo zokulimala kweziguli ezihlobene nokuphathwa ngephutha noma ukuchayeka ku-glacial acetic acid. Izigameko ezinjalo zivame ukuvela emaphutheni ekunikezeni imiyalelo, ekukhishweni, noma ekuphathweni kwesisombululo se-acid, okuholela ekushisweni kwamakhemikhali, ukulimala kwezicubu, nokuhlala esibhedlela isikhathi eside. Ukulimala okunjalo kugcizelela isidingo esibalulekile samazinga aqinile kanye nokuqwashisa ezindaweni zezokwelapha.

Isimo esisodwa esivamile sihlanganisa ukudideka phakathi kwe-glacial acetic acid ne-diluted acetic acid, okuholela ekusebenziseni uhlobo oluqinile lapho bekuhloswe khona isixazululo esithambile. Leli phutha lingenzeka ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwemithi noma ukusetshenziswa kwayo, ikakhulukazi ekwelashweni kwesikhumba noma ekuhlolweni kwelabhorethri. Ukuqina kanye nemvelo yokushisa kwe-glacial acetic acid kubangela umonakalo osheshayo nobunzima, kugcizelela ubungozi bokungaphathwa kahle.

Lezi zigameko zokulimala ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukusha okubangelwa amakhemikhali esikhunjeni, emehlweni, noma emgqeni we-mucous, ngokuvamile okudinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile kwezokwelapha. Kwezinye izimo, ukuhogelwa kwezinsizi kwaholela ekuhluphekeni kokuphefumula, okwengeza ubunzima emiphumeleni yesiguli. Uku investigations kulezi zigameko zembula izikhala ekuqeqeshweni kwabasebenzi, ukulebula, kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwezikhungo zezempilo.

Ukunciphisa lezi zigameko, izinhlangano zezempilo kufanele zibeke imihlahlandlela ecacile yokunikeza imiyalelo nokudayisa izixazululo zamagciwane, ngokugxila kakhulu ekuhlukaniseni i-glacial acetic acid kusuka kumalungiselelo ayo ancishisiwe. Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha abasebenzi kanye nokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwamakhono kuyizici ezibalulekile zamasu okuvimbela ukulimala.

I-Dermax iqhuba ukwenza kube nokuphepha kweziguli ngokunikeza izixazululo ezithuthukisiwe kanye nezinto zokuqeqesha ezisekela ukuphathwa okuphephile kwezinto eziyingozi ezindaweni zezokwelapha, ukuqinisa ukuzibophezela ekunciphiseni ubungozi obuhlobene nezixazululo zamagciwane.

Ngenxa yezingozi ezinkulu ezibangelwa yi-glacial acetic acid, izindawo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo nezimboni kufanele ziphathe ukuyisusa noma ukuyilawula kakhulu noma nini lapho kungenzeka. Isinyathelo esibalulekile ukufaka i-glacial acetic acid ngezinye izindlela eziphephile, njenge-diluted acetic acid noma izixazululo zokubopha ezilondoloza ukusebenza ngaphandle kwezingozi ezinkulu.

Lapho ukuyisusa kungasebenzi, kufanele kusetjenziswe imihlahlandlela eqinile yokuthenga. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukucacisa kahle amazinga adingekayo, ukuqinisekisa iziqu zabathengisi, nokukhawulela ukufinyelela kubasebenzi abagunyaziwe kuphela. Le ndlela inciphisa amathuba oku-oda okungalungile nokusetshenziswa okungagunyaziwe.

Ukusungula izimiso ezinemininingwane zokunikeza kanye nokudlulisa i-glacial acetic acid kubalulekile. Lezi zimiso kufanele zidinge izinhlelo zokuhlola kabili, ukubeka amalebula acacile, kanye nemibhalo ephelele ukuze kuvinjwe amaphutha. Abasebenzi kufanele baqeqeshwe kulezi zinqubo futhi baqonde kahle izingozi zamakhemikhali.

Imizamo eqhubekayo yokuqeqesha abasebenzi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni isiko lokuphepha. Izikhathi zokuqeqesha ezijwayelekile, ukuvivinya umzimba kokuphepha, kanye nezinsiza zolwazi ezitholakala kalula ziqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi bahlala beqaphile futhi bekwazi ukubhekana nezixazululo zamakhemikhali. Ukugcizelela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ngezixazululo eziyisisekelo ezifana ne-sodium hydroxide noma i-hydrochloric acid (HCl) kwandisa ukuqonda kwezingozi zamakhemikhali ezingenzeka.

I-Dermax isekela le mizamo ngokunikeza ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile, izinsizakalo zokubonisana, nemikhiqizo emisha yokuphepha eyenzelwe ukunciphisa ubungozi nokuthuthukisa izindlela zokuphatha izinto eziyingozi, okuhlanganisa nezixazululo zamakhemikhali. Ubuchwepheshe babo busiza izinhlangano ukuthi zifeze izinselelo zokuphepha ngendlela ephelele nangempumelelo.

Siphetha ngokuthi, i-glacial acetic acid iyikhemikhali enamandla enezingozi ezinkulu ezihambisanayo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokugxilisa kwayo okuphezulu kanye nezakhiwo zayo ezilimazayo. Ngokungafani nezixazululo ze-acetic acid ezihlanjululwe, idinga ukuqapha okungajwayelekile, izinqubo eziqinile zokuphatha, nezinqubo eziphelele zokuphepha ukuze kuvinjwe ukulimala kanye nezingozi zamakhemikhali.

Ukuntuleka komthetho we-FDA othize kubeka umthwalo ezinhlanganweni ukuthi zisebenzise izilawuli zangaphakathi eziqinile. Imibiko yakamuva yokulimala iyisikhumbuzo esicacile salokho okungenzeka lapho lezi zilawuli zinganele noma zinganakwa. Ukubeka phambili ukuqedwa noma ukusetshenziswa okulawulwayo kwe-glacial acetic acid, kanye nemfundo yabasebenzi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimiso zokuthenga nokudiliza, kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha emsebenzini.

Izikhungo nabahlinzeki bezokwelapha kufanele bahlanganise lezi zincomo ezindinganisweni zabo zokusebenza ngokushesha ukuze kuvikelwe iziguli nabasebenzi ekulimaleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa ozakwethu abangochwepheshe njengoDermax kungahlinzeka ngamathuluzi nolwazi oludingekayo ukuze kugcinwe imvelo ephephile ngenkathi kuhlangatshezwana nezidingo zokusebenza.

Ngeminye imininingwane mayelana nezixazululo ezintsha zokuphepha nokusekelwa okuphelele kobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha, vakashela ku-Mayelana Nathi ikhasi leDermax. Hlola uhla lwabo lomkhiqizo nokuzibophezela kwabo ekuphepheni ku Imikhiqizo ikhasi, noma hlala unolwazi ngezindaba zakamuva zokuphepha ku Izindaba isango.

Ngokuqonda izingozi nokwamukela izinyathelo zokuqala, izinhlangano zingaqinisekisa ukuphathwa okuphephile kwezixazululo ze-acid, ngaleyo ndlela zivikele impilo futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwezisebenzi.