I-lung ultrasound isivele yaba ithuluzi elibalulekile lokuxilonga emitholampilo yesimanje, enikeza izithombe ezisheshayo, ezingadingi ukuhlinzwa, nezingenziwa eceleni kombhede. Ukuhumusha i-lung ultrasound kuncike kakhulu ekuboniseni nasekuqondeni izinto ezihlukahlukene ezingabonakali ezivela ezithombeni. Phakathi kwezinto ezingabonakali, imigqa ejulile njengemigqa ye-A, imigqa ye-B, imigqa ye-Z, nemigqa ye-E idlala izindima ezibalulekile ekuboneni izifo zamaphaphu nasekuqondiseni izinqumo zezokwelapha. Ngokuqhubeka kobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI), ukunemba nokusebenza kahle kokuhumusha i-lung ultrasound kuthuthukiswa kakhulu, kuvumela ukuxilongwa okungcono nemiphumela yeziguli. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukubuyekezwa okuphelele kwezinto ezingabonakali ze-lung ultrasound, sigcizelela ukubaluleka kwemigqa ejulile emisebenzini yezokwelapha.

I-lung ultrasound artifacts yimiphumela ekhiqizwa ukusebenzisana kwamagagasi e-ultrasound nezicubu zamaphaphu kanye nomoya. Lezi artifacts aziyona nje ukungapheleli kwesithombe kodwa ziphethe ulwazi olubalulekile lokuxilonga mayelana nempilo yamaphaphu. Ukuqonda lezi artifacts kubalulekile kubelaphi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezimo zamaphaphu ezijwayelekile nezehlukumezekile ezahlukahlukene njenge-pulmonary edema, i-interstitial syndrome, i-pneumothorax, kanye ne-pleural effusions. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zihlanganisa imigqa ye-A, imigqa ye-B, imigqa ye-Z, nemigqa ye-E—ngayinye inezici ezihlukile kanye nemiphumela yezokwelapha. Ukwazi kahle lezi artifacts kuvumela ukuxilongwa okunembayo embhedeni, kunciphisa ukuncika kumamodali wokuthwebula izithombe angenayo noma abiza kakhulu njenge-CT scans noma ama-X-ray.

Imigqa ye-A iqonde mpo, iphindaphindeka, imigqa ye-echogenic ehambisana nomugqa we-pleural, ivele ngezikhathi ezithile. Yimikhiqizo ye-reverberation eyenziwa lapho i-ultrasound beam ibuyela phakathi kwe-pleura kanye nomhlubulo we-probe. Ubukhona bemigqa ye-A ngokuvamile bubonisa ukungena komoya okujwayelekile kwesifuba, njengoba le migqa ejulile imele isikhombimsebenzisi somoya ngaphansi kwe-pleura. Zibonakala kakhulu lapho isifuba singena umoya kahle ngaphandle kokuqoqeka koketshezi noma ukubandakanyeka kwe-interstitial. Ngokomtholampilo, imigqa ye-A ibonisa ukungabikho kwe-pulmonary edema noma i-consolidation, isebenza njengomugqa wokubhekisela wokungena komoya okujwayelekile kwe-ultrasound. Izinto ezifana ne-probe frequency, i-angle of insonation, kanye nokuma komguli kuthinta ukubonakala kwemigqa ye-A, kwenza amakhono omsebenzisi abalulekile ekuchazeni okunembayo.

Imigqa ye-B iqonde mpo, izinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezivela emgqa we-pleural futhi zifinyelele phansi kwesikrini ngaphandle kokudlula. Le migqa ejulile ihamba ngokuvumelanisa nokushelela kwesifuba futhi ivimbe imigqa ye-A lapho ivela khona. Imigqa ye-B imele izindonga ezijiyile noma ukuqoqeka koketshezi ku-lung interstitium futhi izinkomba ezibalulekile zesifo samaphaphu, ukuqunjelwa kwamaphaphu, noma i-fibrosis. Inani nokusabalala kwemigqa ye-B kusiza ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezimo ezahlukene zezifo. Ngokwesibonelo, imigqa ye-B ehlukahlukene ephakathi kakhulu ibonisa ukuqunjelwa kwamaphaphu okubangelwa yinhliziyo, kanti imigqa ye-B egxile ingabonisa i-pneumonia noma i-fibrosis. Ukuqashelwa okunembayo kwemigqa ye-B kudinga ukuqashelwa ukubukeka kwayo okufana ne-laser, ubude, nokuhamba ngokuphefumula, okwenza kube yigugu ekuhlolweni kwamaphaphu eceleni kombhede.

Imigqa ye-Z yimifanekiso eqondile efana nesiqondiso nemigqa ye-B kodwa ihlukile ngamandla, ubude, nemiphumela yezokwelapha. Ngokuvamile ingaba mfushane, ayisuli imigqa ye-A, futhi ibukeka kakhulu njengemifanekiso ye-comet-tail ngaphandle kokuhlobana okubalulekile kwe-pathological. Ngokungafani nemigqa ye-B, imigqa ye-Z ayikhombisi ukubandakanyeka kwe-interstitial noma i-pulmonary edema futhi ithathwa njengemifanekiso ye-benign ezimweni zamaphaphu ezijwayelekile. Ukubukeka kwayo kungadukisa ngezinye izikhathi nemigqa ye-B abasebenzi abanolwazi oluncane, kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuhlukanisa ngokucophelela. Ukuqonda umehluko omncane phakathi kwemigqa ye-Z neye-B kuthuthukisa ukunemba kokuxilonga futhi kuvimbele ukuhunyushwa kabi kwemiphumela ye-lung ultrasound.

Imigqa ye-E ayivame ukuxoxwa kodwa imele izinto ezihlobene ne-subcutaneous emphysema noma umoya ongaphansi kwezendlalelo zesikhumba. Le migqa ejulile ivele njengemigqa eqinile evundlile ngaphezu komugqa we-pleural, okukhombisa ukuba khona komoya ezicukwini ezithambile. Ukutholwa kwemigqa ye-E kubalulekile ezimweni zokulimala noma ezigulini ezingemuva kokuhlinzwa lapho kungase kube khona umoya ongaphansi kwesikhumba. Ukuqonda imigqa ye-E kusiza ukugwema ukudideka nezinye izinto ezingalungile zamaphaphu futhi kusiza ekuhlolweni okuphelele kwe-ultrasound. Imiphumela yezokwelapha yemigqa ye-E ihlanganisa ukuqapha izinkinga ezifana nokwanda kwe-pneumothorax noma i-subcutaneous emphysema ehlobene nokutheleleka, okugcizelela ukubaluleka kwayo kwe-diagnostic.

Imigqa ejulile ku-ultrasound yamaphaphu, okubandakanya imigqa ye-A, B, Z, kanye ne-E, yizinto eziyisisekelo ezinikeza izinkomba ezibalulekile ezinkingeni zamaphaphu nesimo sesiguli. Ukuhumusha okunembayo kwezinto eziyisisekelo kudinga ulwazi olujulile nolwazi oluqeqeshiwe, okuvumela odokotela ukuthi benze izinqumo ezisheshayo, ezinolwazi eduze kwebhedi. Ngokuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe be-AI, ukutholwa nokuhlaziywa kwezinto eziyisisekelo kuhlala kunembile futhi kufinyeleleka, kuthuthukisa imisebenzi yokuxilonga. Izinhlangano ezifana neDermax zisezingeni eliphezulu lokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha, zifaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwemishini ye-ultrasound kanye nezicelo ze-AI ezisekela ochwepheshe bezempilo. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okujulile nokusebenzisa okusebenzayo, ukuhlola izihloko ezihlobene ku-ultrasound yamaphaphu kanye nokuxilonga okushayelwa yi-AI kuyatuswa kakhulu.